Related factors of intestinal necrosis caused by midgut volvulus in neonates / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the characteristics and related factors of neonatal intestinal necrosis caused by midgut volvulus.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of neonates with midgut volvulus who were admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, from January 2009 to December 2019 and confirmed by surgery. The cases with intestinal necrosis belong to the intestinal necrosis group, and those without intestinal necrosis, the non-intestinal necrosis group which was randomly sampled at a ratio of about 4∶1 to the number of cases in the intestinal necrosis group. The two groups were compared in terms of personal history, age of onset, initial symptoms, vital signs within 2 h after admission, time from symptom onset to operation, clinical outcome, laboratory indicators within 2 h after admission, etc. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the related factors of intestinal necrosis in midgut volvulus. The effective warning indexes are screened by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:(1) Among 231 cases of midgut volvulus, 21 cases (9.1%, 21/231) had intestinal necrosis at the time of operation, 87 cases were included in the non-intestinal necrosis group. (2) The levels of heart rate within 2 h after admission, mean arterial pressure, WBC, C reactive protein (CRP), blood glucose and potassium in intestinal necrosis group were significantly higher than those in non-intestinal necrosis group ( P<0.05). Admission days of age, hemoglobin, serum albumin, serum sodium, pH and BE levels were significantly lower than those in the group without intestinal necrosis ( P<0.05). (3) In the multivariate analysis, increased heart rate, mean arterial pressure, serum CRP, and decreased serum sodium, serum albumin, and pH levels were predictors related to intestinal necrosis in patients with midgut volvulus. (4) The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of CRP was 0.883, the cutoff value was 9.88 mg/L, the sensitivity was 76.2%, and the specificity was 94.3%. The ROC curve of serum albumin was 0.792, the cut-off value was 36.65 g/L, the sensitivity was 70.1%, and the specificity was 94.3%. Conclusions:Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, increased CRP, decreased serum sodium, serum albumin and pH are helpful to predict whether intestinal necrosis occurs in midgut volvulus, and CRP > 9.88 mg/L and serum albumin < 36.65 g/L are likely warning indicators.

Vólvulo de intestino medio: a propósito de dos casos / Middle intestine volvulus: on the purpose of two cases / Volvulus do intestino médio: com propósito de dois casos

La malrotación intestinal es un espectro de malformaciones, que incluye una gran variedad de alteraciones en el proceso de rotación y fijación del intestino. La ausencia completa de rotación intestinal, uno de los tipos de malrotación intestinal más frecuentes, puede presentarse como hallazgo asintomático o manifestarse clínicamente por un vólvulo del intestino medio. Sin embargo, incluso entre aquellos que se presentan con vólvulo del intestino medio, la clínica puede ser muy diferente, según el grado de isquemia y eventual necrosis intestinal. Se presentan dos casos clínicos de malrotación intestinal con vólvulo del intestino medio con presentaciones, imágenes, tratamientos y evoluciones muy disímiles. Se analizan los mismos a la luz de una revisión bibliográfica relevante al tema tratado, se sacan aprendizajes del manejo realizado y la evolución que presentaron, y se enfatizan los elementos de mayor jerarquía para optimizar el manejo de estos pacientes.

Intestinal malrotation is a spectrum of malformations that includes a great variety of alterations in the rotation and fixation process of the intestines. The total absence of intestinal rotation, one of the most frequents types of intestinal malrotation could present as an asymptomatic find or appear clinically as a midgut volvulus. However, even those that appear as midgut volvulus, could show quite different signs and symptoms according to the degree of ischemic insult and possible intestinal necrosis. Two clinical cases of intestinal malrotation with midgut volvulus with quite different presentations, images, treatments, and evolutions, are informed. The two cases are analyzed under a relevant bibliographic revision, knowledge is derived from the carried-out management and evolution, and elements for the future optimization of management are underlined.

A má rotação intestinal é um espectro de malformações, que inclui uma grande variedade de alterações no processo de rotação e fixação do intestino. A ausência completa de rotação intestinal, um dos tipos mais comuns de má rotação intestinal, pode se apresentar como um achado assintomático ou manifestar-se clinicamente como um volvo de intestino médio. Porém, mesmo entre aqueles que apresentam volvo de intestino médio, os sintomas podem ser muito diferentes, dependendo do grau de isquemia e eventual necrose intestinal. Dois casos clínicos de má rotação intestinal com volvo de intestino médio são apresentados com apresentações, imagens, tratamentos e evoluções muito diferentes. São analisados ​​à luz de uma revisão bibliográfica pertinente ao tema em questão, lições aprendidas com o manejo realizado e a evolução que apresentaram, e os elementos de maior hierarquia são enfatizados para otimizar o manejo desses pacientes.

A rare acute presentation of intestinal malrotation in the elderly

Intestinal malrotation, a congenital anomaly of the midgut, typically presents in pediatrics age group with the most feared complication of midgut volvulus and its catastrophic sequelae. Midgut volvulus secondary to intestinal malrotation is a rare presentation in adults more so in the elderly. Its rarity portends a diagnostic dilemma for both the surgeon and radiologist. We report a 65-year-old man admitted following a referral with a 12-hour history of acute abdomen with an initial diagnosis of acute pancreatitis but later had laparotomy with intraoperative findings of a midgut volvulus and gangrenous ileal segment secondary to intestinal malrotation. This case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis to prevent the disastrous complication of this disease. The rarity of this condition portends a formidable diagnostic challenge in adults hence the awareness of its possibility and a high index of suspicion is crucial in diagnosis.

Adult intestinal malrotation: a case report

Midgut malrotation is an incomplete rotation of the intestine which occurs during foetal development and usually presents in the neonatal period. The bowel is not fixed adequately and is thus held by a precariously narrow-based mesentery. The incidence of malrotation has been estimated at 1 in 6000 live births, it is rare for malrotation to present in adulthood. Author report a 40-year-old man presented to emergency department with generalized abdominal pain. His symptoms began 2 days before admission. The patient really weak and his mental state was somnolence. His abdomen was slightly extended, and intestinal peristalsis was obscure. Abdominal X-rays revealed dilatation of gastric, coiled spring appearance without free air and step ladder pattern. The patient then underwent laparotomy exploration. Upon entering the abdomen, ileum was noted to completely mobilized and founded volvulus segment, a clockwise twisting three times, about 30 cm proximal from ICJ, and soon author released it. The ligament of Treitz misplaced, there was in the right lower quadrant, close by ICJ. Then about 110 cm segment of ileum necrotic, the rest of the small bowel was normal, author found internal hernia in the right lower quadrant and there was Ladd's band. Clinicians should be aware of this serious cause of abdominal pain. The diagnosis of malrotation in adulthood is often delayed. Complete resolution of acute obstruction or chronic abdominal pain is the result of a high index of suspicion for malrotation, appropriate diagnostic studies, and aggressive treatment.

Diagnostic function of ultrasonography in malrotation of intestine with midgut volvulus / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective Malrotation of intestine with midgut volvulus is a special disease in newbo-rns.It is important of early diagnosis to avoid the risk of intestinal infarct and necrosis.We intended to ex-plore the value of early ultrasonographic diagnosis in malrotation of intestine with midgut volvulus,comparing with upper gastrointestinal imaging.Methods Ultrasonographic features and upper gastrointestinal imaging of 48surgically confirmed malrotation of intestine with midgut volvulus between January 2011and December 2014were retrospectively analyzed.Results All patients were comfirmed by operaion.The rotational degree of midgut volvulus were 90to 720°.In 43of 48patients (89.58%)of malrotation of intestine with midgut volvulus were diagnosed by ultrasonography.The typical ultrasonographic features were called “whirlpool sign”,which was the superior mesenteric vein and the mesentery around the superior mesenteric artery.In 35 of 48(72.92%)patients with malrotation were confirmed by the upper gastrointestinal imaging.The typical sign of the upper gastrointestinal imaging was the helical form of the distal duodenum and proximal jejunum located at middle abdomen.Compared with upper gastrointestinal radiographic examination,ultrasonographic examination had more sensitivity in diagnosis of malrotation of intestine with midgut volvulus (P﹤0.05). Conclusion Ultrasonographic examination have more sensitivity in diagnosis.Noninvasiveness,absence of X-rays,and low costs could make ultrasonographic examination a useful screening test in patients with sus-pected malrotation of intestine with midgut volvulus.“Whirlpool sign”could be considered a specific ultra-sonographic sign in diagnosis of midgut volvulus,which could provide reference for the clinical treatment of malrotation of intestine with midgut volvulus.

A Case of a Preterm Infant with Prenatally Diagnosed Intrauterine Midgut Volvulus / 대한주산의학회잡지

Intrauterine midgut volvulus is a rare and potentially life-threatening congenital disease that can lead to intestinal ischemia, sepsis and peritonitis caused by bowel perforation and meconium obstruction. Early detection and immediate treatment is crucial to improve the outcome. Herein, we report a preterm infant of 30 weeks of gestation with intrauterine midgut volvulus associated with meconium peritonitis who survived after cesarean delivery and immediate postnatal surgical intervention. The outcome of in-utero intestinal volvulus depends on optimal delivery timing and adequate postnatal treatment. Therefore, prompt multidisciplinary consultation and planning with obstetricians, neonatologists and pediatric surgeons is necessary to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with fetal midgut volvulus, especially in the preterm period.

Intrauterine Midgut Volvulus with Malrotation in a Preterm Infant: A Case Report

Intrauterine midgut volvulus is an extremely rare and potentially life-threatening disease, requiring prompt surgical intervention after birth. Non-specific prenatal signs of fetal midgut volvulus cause late diagnosis and treatment, resulting very poor outcome. We report a case of preterm newborn with intrauterine midgut volvulus due to malrotation, who survived after immediate postnatal surgical intervention.

Malrotación intestinal con vólvulo, asociada a hiperglucemia grave por estrés / Intestinal malrotation with volvulus associated with severe stress hyperglycemia

Se presenta un niño de 2 años internado con diagnóstico de debut diabético, con glucemia de 500 mg% al ingreso, sin cetosis ni acidosis metabólica. Presenta también vómitos biliosos y amarronados, con deposiciones sanguinolentas. Se opera con diagnóstico presuntivo de obstrucción intestinal aguda, hallándose vólvulo intestinal secundario a malrotación intestinal congénita. Luego de la cirugía normaliza la glucemia. Se asume el cuadro como hiperglucemia sin cetosis, de característica graves, por estrés, secundaria a vólvulo por malrotación intestinal. Esta asociación, aún no ha sido descripta.

A 2-year-old boy was admitted with diagnosis of diabetes debut, with blood glucose of 500 mg% on admission, without ketosis or metabolic acidosis. He also presented bilious vomiting and brownish bloody stools. He was operated with a presumptive diagnosis of acute intestinal obstruction. The fnal diagnosis was volvulus, secondary to congenital malrotation. After surgery, he normalized blood sugar levels. The clinical setting was assumed as hyperglycemia without ketosis, with characteristic of severity caused by stress, secondary to volvulus in malrotation. This association has not yet been described.

Intestinal Malrotation with Concurrent Portal Vein and Superior Mesenteric Vein Thromboses

Intestinal malrotation with volvulus is generally presented as a bilious vomiting and acute intestinal obstruction in the newborn period. It could compromise vascular supply of the small bowel secondary to torsion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and without urgent surgical management, it could lead to detrimental outcomes such as transmural bowel infarction and sepsis. However, in chronic cases, it is rarely obstructs the vascular supply and propagates to an acute bowel infarction. Rarely, chronic malrotation with midgut volvulus may not reduce the mesenteric blood supply because of collateral vessels, and the chronically stagnated blood flow of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) favors thrombus formation within the lumen. The recommended treatment is Ladd's procedure and anticoagulation therapy. The authors present an unusual case of intestinal malrotation with chronic volvulus resulting in superior mesenteric vein and portal vein thrombosis in a 28-year-old patient.

Age-related Differences Effect the Clinical Characteristics of Intestinal Malrotation

Intestinal malrotation presents with different clinical characteristics, depending upon the age of the patient. The medical records of 44 patients treated for intestinal malrotation with/without midgut volvuls between January 2002 and August 2009 at Seoul National University Children's Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were grouped by the age criteria of 1 and 12 months. Fourteen patients were under 1 month of age (31.8%), 9 patients between 1 month and 12 months (20.5%) and 21 patients over 12 months (47.7%). Twenty patients (45.5%) presented with volvulus. Vomiting (66%) and abdominal pain (20%) were the most common symptoms. UGIS (68.2%) was the most frequent diagnostic tool. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 13.7 days. There were 7 mild postoperative complications. Volvulus was more frequent in patients under 1 month (p=0.025) than over 1 month. The interval between diagnosis and operation was shorter in patients under 1 month (p=0.003) than in patients over one month of age. In the age between under and over 12 months, volvulus was more common in those under 12 months of age, but the difference was not significant. The interval from diagnosis to operation was shorter in patients under 12 months than over 12 months of age (p=0.001). Vomiting was the most frequent symptom in patients under 12 months. On the other hand, abdominal pain was the most frequent symptom in patients over 12 months. In conclusion, patients with intestinal malrotation had age-related differences in the presence of midgut volvulus, the interval between diagnosis and operation, and clinical symptoms. The age of the patient should be considered in order to determine adequate treatment of malrotation.

CT Angiographic Demonstration of a Mesenteric Vessel "Whirlpool" in Intestinal Malrotation and Midgut Volvulus: a Case Report

Although the color Doppler ultrasonography diagnosis of intestinal malrotation with midgut volvulus, based on the typical "whirlpool" appearance of the mesenteric vascular structures is well-defined in the peer-reviewed literature, the combination of both the angiographic illustration of these findings and the contemporary state-of-the-art imaging techniques is lacking. We report the digital subtraction angiography and multidetector computed tomography angiography findings of a 37-year-old male with intestinal malrotation.

A case of midgut volvulus due to mesenteric lymphangioma, not associated with malrotation in a 13-year-old boy / 소아과

A 13-year-old boy, complained of an intermittent suddenly aggravated severe abdominal pain and diarrhea, was diagnosed as a small bowel volvulus without an intestinal malrotation, due to mesenteric lymphangioma. He took abdominal ultrasonography, abdominal CT scanning, upper gastrointestinal study and got an operation. The small bowel volvulus with cystic lymphangioma was confirmed by gross and pathologic findings.

A case of premature born with bowel perforation and gangrene due to intrauterine midgut volvulus caused by meconium ileus / 대한주산의학회잡지

Midgut volvulus is commonly complicated with malrotation, and develops mainly in infants before 1 year old, especially in neonate. Intrauterine midgut volvulus is an extremely rare disease therefore is difficult to diagnose. Furthermore unless the fetus has malrotation, symptoms and results of tests suspicious of fetal midgut volvulus are nonspecific. There are some reports that meconium ileus could be a cause of intrauterine midgut volvulus from foreign countries, however has never been reported in Korea. So we report a case of prematurity born with bowel perforation and gangrene due to intrauterine midgut volvulus caused by meconium ileus.

Clinical Review of 10 Cases of Midgut Volvulus

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to review the clinical characteristics of midgut volvulus and recognize the importance of the early diagnosis and treatment of midgut volvulus. METHODS: The medical records of 10 patients with midgut volvulus, diagnosed at the Dankook University Hospital, between May 1995 and May 2001, were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: There were 6 male and 4 female subjects. 80% of the patients were younger than 1 month old. The most common symptom was bilious vomiting. A simple abdominal X-ray was performed in 8 cases, with five of these 8 showing positive findings, such as a gasless abdomen or stomach dilatation. Ultrasonography was performed in all 10 cases. The sensitivity of the ultrasonography was 70%. UGI series was performed in 9 cases, and showed 100% sensitivity. Eight patients underwent surgical treatment. Seven infants in the early-diagnosis group had a Ladd operation performed, but only one patient whose diagnosis was delayed underwent a small bowel resection. The 7 patients that had undergone a Ladd operation showed good results after surgery. However, the one whose diagnosis had been delayed developed severe complications and mortality. CONCLUSION: The early diagnosis and adequate intervention for midgut volvulus can prevent life threatening complications. If the ultrasonographic findings are uncertain, especially when the midgut volvulus is untwisted after attack, UGI series or a barium enema should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Clinical Features of the Midgut Volvulus in Children

Midgut volvulus secondary to intestinal malrotation usually presents within the first month of life. Diagnostic delay may result in midgut infarction and mortality. In this retrospective study, we review seventeen cases of midgut volvulus to assess the importance of early recognition for midgut volvulus in pediatric patients of any age.. These patients were diagnosed as having a midgut volvulus by operation at Ewha Womans University Hospital. Eleven patients (64.7 %) were less than 1 month of age, and fifteen were boys (88.2 %). The mean gestational age was 38.3 weeks and the birth weight was 3.1 kg. Eight patients (47.1 %) had one or more combined anomalies such as heart malformation, brain ischemia, Down's syndrome or duodenal atresia. Vomiting was the most common symptom. Only thirteen patients underwent preoperative diagnostic procedures; 13 abdominal sonography demonstrated the whirlpool sign in 8 patients, upper gastrointestinal tract roentgenography showed a cork-screw pattern in 7 patients, and barium enema or small bowel series demonstrated positive findings in 7 patients. A Ladd's procedure was was formed on all patients.. There was no mortality or severe morbidity such as short bowel syndrome. Midgut volvulus should be included in the differential diagnosis in any infant or child who presents with the symptoms of acute abdomen, especially with vomiting.

Midgut Volvulus of Infant Simulating Intussusception Diagnosis with Color Doppler Ultrasonography / 대한소아소화기영양학회지

Although midgut volvulus is clinically characterized by bilous vomiting and abdominal distention, plain abdominal X-ray is usually non-specific and therefore it can be misdiagnosed to other diseases. Upper gastrointestinal contrast study and computed tomography have been used as a routine diagnostic tool but it takes cost and time. Abdominal ultrasonography is a relatively good alternatives in diagnosing midgut volvulus and it relatively saves cost and time. But case presentation of midgut volvulus diagnosed with abdominal ultrasonography are rarely found in literature. We experienced a 6 month old girl who had come to our hospital with bilous vomiting and was diagnosed as midgut volvulus with ultrasonography. Thus we report this case with the presentation of typical ultrasonographic findings of midgut volvulus.

A Case of Intestinal Malrotation Complicated by Midgut Volvulus: Diagnosis with Abdominal CT Scan

Intestinal malrotation is a constellation of a wide spectrum of embryologic failures of rotation and fixation of the gut, resulting in a narrow-based attachment of the mesentery and the presence of abnormal peritoneal (Ladd's) band. These abnormalities predispose to midgut volvulus, intestinal obstruction and internal herniation. We experienced a case of intestinal malrotation complicated by midgut volvulus in a 4-year-old girl who presente with abdominal pain, abdominal distension and melena. The diagnosis was made by abdominal CT scan, which showed "whirl sign." The diagnosis was confirmed by surgery. A brief review of literature ensues.

A Case of Intestinal Malrotation Complicated by Midgut Volvulus: Diagnosis with Abdominal CT Scan

Intestinal malrotation is a constellation of a wide spectrum of embryologic failures of rotation and fixation of the gut, resulting in a narrow-based attachment of the mesentery and the presence of abnormal peritoneal (Ladd's) band. These abnormalities predispose to midgut volvulus, intestinal obstruction and internal herniation. We experienced a case of intestinal malrotation complicated by midgut volvulus in a 4-year-old girl who presente with abdominal pain, abdominal distension and melena. The diagnosis was made by abdominal CT scan, which showed "whirl sign." The diagnosis was confirmed by surgery. A brief review of literature ensues.

Chronic Midgut Volvulus Due to Movable Pancreas: 1 case report / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Incomplete fixation of pancreas, which may be associated with a wide mobility of root of SMA, result in chronic midgut volvulus. Movable pancreas is an uncommon form of incomplete intestnal fixation and rotation. Herein, we present a caae of movable pancreas. A patient was a 32-year-old male with the complaint of colicky intermittent abdomnal pain. The abdominal ultrasonography and CT showed a movable pancreas. The head of pancreas was located in the left of the abdominal aorta during the inspiratory time and left decubitus position. At surgery, pancreas was mobile and the root of mesentery was very weak and fibrotic. Duodenum and mesentery were fixed by 0.7 mm Dacron patch along the right peritoneal gutter and the retroperitoneum from ligament of Treitz to the ileocecal attachment. Duodenojejunostomy was performed for the prevention of SMA syndrome. The symptoms disappeared and recovery was prompt. Following the procedure, the patient remains asymptomatic until 10 months after operation